本篇论文目录导航：

【题目】 “以人为本”与“人本主义”的关系和区别探讨 
【绪论】科学发展观的以人为本思想的特点研究绪论 
【1.1  1.2】中国传统文化的人本主义思想 
【1.3】马克思的人本主义思想 
【第二章】以人为本是对人本主义的继承与超越 
【3.1 - 3.4】科学发展观以“人民利益”为根本 
【3.5】 “以人为本”的科学发展观以“实践性生成”为特征 
【结语/参考文献】我国政治思想中的以人为本理念研究结语与参考文献 



　　摘 要

　　以人为本是科学发展观的核心，是对中国传统人本主义思想、西方人本主义思想的有机整合，也是对马克思主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想价值观的继承、丰富和发展。它有助于促进人的全面发展，实现人与自然与社会和谐发展，有助于促进全人类以人为本思想的永续发展，是人类科学发展的思想基础。

　　“人本主义”是西方哲学发展中的重要思潮，它在反对“神本”、“物本”、“权本”等各种对人的异化现象中产生、发展，它弘扬了人的主体性，确立起人在世界中的基础和中心地位。以人为本与人本主义既有相互的关系，又有本质的区别。两者度强调人的主体地位，使人们从各种束缚中摆脱出来，尊重人的人格和尊严；强调人的自由自主性、实践性和能动性。人本主义强调的是抽象的人， 而“以人为本”强调具体现实的人；人本主义强调个人的人权， “以人为本” 强调人民的利益；人本主义只是以人为手段， 而“以人为本”把人作为目的又作为手段。人本主义的建立，是在西方人反对神凌驾于人之上，中国共产党提出的“以人为本”则是真正的把人看成是社会的主体，真正把人民看成是国家的主人，把人民的权力由书面转向实际生活，使人们真实地感到与自己息息相关，坚持以人民群众的根本利益为出发点，努力把人民群众的物质文化生活提高上来。本文从以人为本和人本主义的关系和区别入手，使人们更加深入的了解科学发展观的以人为本思想。

　　“以人为本”思想既不完全等同于我国古代的民本思想，也与西方人本主义有一定的区别，它建立在唯物主义历史观和马克思主义人学理论基础之上，从现实个人的生活世界出发，从社会历史内部寻求社会发展的根本决定力量，它要求人的活动既要合乎人性发展的目的，又要合乎历史发展规律，并且要反映社会历史发展规律对活动主体的要求且积极实现这种要求，认为所谓的现实的人，就是为了满足自身的需要而在社会中从事着实践活动的人，是不可重复和取代的，从而达到每个人的自由全面发展的理想境界为目的的人。马克思批判地继承了人本主义所包含的有价值的思想成果，抛弃了关于“人”、“人道主义”、“人本主义”的抽象议论，转向唯物主义，坚持了历史唯物主义的基本立场和基本观点，使以人为本实现了对人本主义的继承与超越。

　　“以人为本”的科学发展观是对历史经验和教训的总结，历史证明：一个社会主义国家如果不通过改革，调整社会主义社会的基本矛盾，不坚持解放和发展生产力，不以人民的利益为根本，不提高人民的生活水平，到头来终会被颠覆。以胡锦涛为核心的党中央，敏锐的看到了这些问题，认真总结了国内外发展的经验和教训，针对中国的国情提出以“人民群众”为主体，以“人民利益”为根本，以“人民和谐”为表现，以“人与自然和谐”为保证，以“实践性生成”为特征的科学发展观，坚持把人民的利益维护好、实现好、发展好，让全体人民享受到社会发展的成果，实现人的自由全面发展，实现人类社会的可持续发展。

　　关键词：科学发展观；人本主义；以人为本；辨析；超越

　　ABSTRACT

　　People-oriented is the core of the scientific concept of development , the organic integration oftraditional Chinese humanistic ideas, ideas of Western humanism , but also on the values of Marxism , MaoZedong Thought , Deng Xiaoping Theory and “ Three Represents ” important thought inheritance, rich anddevelopment . It helps to promote the comprehensive development of harmonious development betweenman and nature and society , and contribute to all mankind to the sustainable development ofpeople-oriented thinking , is the ideological foundation of the development of human science .

　　“Humanism” is an important trend in the development of western philosophy, it is in opposition to“the God”, “book”, “right”, all kinds of human alienation produced, development, it promotes the humansubjectivity, people establish the foundation and the center's position in the world. Human-oriented andhumanism which have mutual relation, have substaintial distinction. Both a human purpose as the main,emphasizes the role of human, make people free from all bondage, respect for human personality anddignity; emphasize the person's freedom of self-determination, practicality and activity; both have strongidentification sense of social responsibility, is the social development as the ultimate goal. Humanismemphasizes is the abstract person, but “people-oriented” emphasizes the concrete reality person; humanisticemphasis on individual rights, “people-oriented” emphasizes the interests of the people; humanism ispeople-oriented, and “people-oriented” regard people as the purpose and as a means of. The establishmentof humanism Westerners against God above the top of, the Communist Party of China put forward the“people-oriented” is the real man as the main body of the society, the people as masters of the country, thepeople's power is turned to real life by writing, so that people truly feel with their own life, Adhere to thefundamental interests of the masses of the people as the starting point, to the masses of the people'smaterial and cultural life up. This paper starts from the relationship and difference between humanism andhumanism, make people more in-depth understanding of scientific outlook on development ofpeople-oriented thought.

　　People-oriented thought is not completely equal to people-based thought in ancient China, and alsohas certain difference between them, human-basis doctrine,it is based on historical materialism and basedon marxist theory about studies, starting from the reality of individual life world, from the social andhistorical internal seek ultimate decision power of development of social history, it requires that theperson's activities should accord with the purpose of human development, and it makes historical law ofdevelopment, and should reflect the social and historical law of development and actively to therequirement of activity subject to achieve this requirement, that the so-called reality person, is in order tomeet our needs and is engaged in the practice in society, is not to repeat and replace, in order to achieve theideal of everyone's free overall development as the goal. Marx critically inherited the humanism containsvaluable ideological achievements, abandoned about “people”, the “humanitarian”, “humanism” abstractdiscussion, turned to materialism, adhere to the basic position of historical materialism and the basic pointof view, the humanist implements the inheritance and transcendence of humanism.

　　“People-oriented ” scientific development concept is a summary of the historical experience andlessons learned,history has proved that: a socialist state if not through the reform, adjust the basiccontradictions of socialist society, not stick to the liberation and development of the productive forces, notin the interests of the people as the basis, not to raise people's living standard, in the end will be reversed.

　　With hu jintao as general secretary of the CPC central committee, keen to see these issues, Conscientiouslysummed up the experiences and lessons of the development at home and abroad, according to China'snational conditions put forward by “the people” as the main body, to “the people's interests” as thefundamental, “people's harmony” to performance, in order to “man and nature harmony” as the guarantee,is characterized by “practical generation” of the scientific outlook on development, adhere to the interestsof the people safeguard, implementation, development is good, let all the people enjoy the fruits of socialdevelopment, and realize people's free all-round development, realize the sustainable development ofhuman society.

　　Key words: Scientific concept of development;Humanism;People-oriented;Discrimination;Transcend

    目 录

　　摘 要

　　ABSTRACT

　　绪 论

　　一、国内外研究状况

　　二、科学发展观提出的背景

　　（一）科学发展观思想提出的国际背景

　　（二）科学发展观思想提出的国内背景

　　三、科学发展观的核心

　　四、选题意义

　　五、研究思路、研究方法和创新之处

　　第一章 人本主义是以人为本的思想来源之一

　　一、中国传统文化的人本主义思想

　　（一）法家的人本主义思想

　　（二）儒家人本主义思想

　　二、西方近代人本主义思想

　　（一）古希腊时期人本主义思想源起

　　（二）文艺复兴时期文化意义上的人本主义思想

　　（三）19 世纪空想社会主义的人本主义思想

　　三、马克思的人本主义思想

　　（一）马克思关于人的本质的理论

　　（二）马克思主义“以人为本”的唯物史观：必然与自由的统一

　　第二章 以人为本是对人本主义的继承与超越

　　一、以人为本的含义

　　（一）以人为本中的“人”和“本”

　　（二）以人为本的内涵

　　二、以人为本和人本主义的联系

　　三、以人为本和人本主义的区别

　　（一）“以人为本”强调现实的人，超越“人本主义”抽象的人

　　（二）“以人为本”强调人民的利益，超越“人本主义”的个体的人权

　　（三）“以人为本”把人作为目的与手段，超越“人本主义”的只“以人为手段”

　　第三章 科学发展观的以人为本思想探析

　　一、科学发展观以“人民群众”为主体

　　二、科学发展观以“人民利益”为根本

　　三、科学发展观以“以人民和谐”为表现

　　四、科学发展观以“人与自然和谐”为保证

　　五、“以人为本”的科学发展观以“实践性生成”为特征

　　（一）毛泽东以“为人民服务”为依托的人的发展思想

　　（二）邓小平以“社会主义市场经济”为手段的人本发展观

　　（三）江泽民以“三个代表”为特征的人的发展思想

　　（四）胡锦涛以“科学发展观”为表现的以人为本思想

　　结 语

　　参考文献

　　致 谢

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